Glossary

B

Brand Value

What is Brand Value? Brand value refers to the overall perception of a brand, which is based on customer trust, recognition, and experience. It is shaped by the quality of products, the same message...
Brand Impersonation

What is Brand Impersonation? Brand impersonation is the act of pretending to be a legitimate brand by mimicking its logo, name, voice, packaging, or web presence to deceive customers...
Brand Protection

What is Brand Protection? Brand protection is the end-to-end practice of safeguarding a company's name, marks, products, and reputation from misuse online and offline...
Business Email Compromise (BEC)

What is Business Email Compromise? BEC is a targeted social-engineering attack in which criminals impersonate executives or vendors over email to trick employees into wiring funds or sharing data...
Business Intelligence

What is Business Intelligence? Business intelligence is the structured collection and analysis of public signals — competitor websites, hiring patterns, pricing, partnerships — to inform strategy...

C

Cease and Desist

What is Cease and Desist? A cease and desist is a legal document dispatched in a formal manner to request that an individual or organization ceases a certain practice that is suspected to be illegal. It is applied...
Content Moderation

What is Content Moderation? Content moderation is the practice of examining and controlling user-generated content on online platforms to determine whether it is used in accordance with the laws, the platform's...
Copyright

What is Copyright? Copyright is a legal right granted to original creative works, giving the creator the exclusive right to use and distribute them. It is applicable to literary works, music, movies, art, computer...
Copyright Infringement

What are Copyright infringement? Copyright infringement means using, sharing, or reproducing creative work without the owner's permission. This can include videos,...
Counterfeit

What is Counterfeit? Counterfeit is defined as any illegally manufactured and distributed products under the name of any other brand without permission. These products are meant to look like actual products and...
Counterfeiting

What is Counterfeiting? Counterfeiting refers to the deliberate and deceptive act of fooling consumers by making copies of trademarks, packaging, or designs. Some industries affected by counterfeiting include...
Counterfeits Products

What are Counterfeits Products? Counterfeits are fake products which looks like original but produced without the consent of the original brand. They look just like...
Crisis Management

What is Crisis Management? Crisis management is a way of dealing with sudden or unexpected situations constructively that can affect brand's reputation, online presence, and...
Cyber Laws

What is Cyber Laws? Cyber laws implies the laws that are used to govern the activities that are performed using computers, networks and the internet. They include issues like cybercrimes, data security...
Cyber Safety

What is Cyber Safety? Cyber safety refers to the practices, behaviors and measures that help individuals, businesses and computer networks to address cyber threats. It aims at minimizing the risk posed by the...
Cyber Security

What is Cyber Security? Cyber security entails an integrated set of technologies, processes and best practices that are aimed at providing data confidentiality, integrity and availability. It is applicable to both...
Cybercrime

What is Cybercrime? Cybercrime can be defined as crimes committed through the use of computers, networks or the internet. It entails criminal activities, including hacks, web fraud, identity theft, data theft, and...
Counterfeit Protection

What is Counterfeit Protection? Counterfeit protection is the discipline of detecting, removing, and preventing fake products and listings that misuse a brand's identity...

D

Data Protection

What is Data Protection? Data protection can be defined as practices, policies and laws that are established to ensure that personal and sensitive information is not accessed, abused, lost or disclosed without...
Digital Footprint

What is Digital Footprint? A digital footprint refers to a trail of information that is generated as an activity of an individual on the internet. It contains information created by using social media posts, visits, and...
DMCA

What is DMCA? DMCA stands for the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, implying a US law established to safeguard the copyright of the digital world. It offers a legal system to deal with copyright...
Dark Web

What is the Dark Web? The dark web is the portion of the internet intentionally hidden and accessible only through specialized software such as Tor, where stolen data and malware are commonly traded...
Deepfake

What is a Deepfake? A deepfake is synthetic media — video, image, or audio — generated or manipulated by AI to depict real people saying or doing things they never said or did...
Digital Piracy

What is Digital Piracy? Digital piracy is the unauthorized copying, sharing, streaming, or distribution of copyrighted digital content across torrent sites, cyberlockers, and social platforms...
DMCA Takedown Notice

What is a DMCA Takedown Notice? A DMCA takedown notice is a formal legal request asking a platform or host to remove content that infringes a copyright...
Doxing

What is Doxing? Doxing is the malicious publication of an individual's private personal information without consent, typically to enable harassment or identity fraud...

G

GDPR Compliance

What is GDPR Compliance? GDPR compliance is the process of complying with the General Data Protection Regulation, a legal document in the European Union that regulates the processing of personal data of people in the EU...

I

Impersonation

What is Impersonation? Impersonation refers to the process of presenting oneself falsely as a different person or institution. It entails the act of deceiving, misleading or receiving illegally by using the identity of...
Infringement

What is Infringement? Infringement refers to the use, reproduction, or distribution of copyrighted intellectual property without its owner’s approval. This incorporates infringement of copyright, trademark, patent, or...
Identity Theft

What is Identity Theft? Identity theft is the unauthorized acquisition and use of another person's personal data to commit fraud or impersonate them online...
Intellectual Property (IP)

What is Intellectual Property? Intellectual property is a category of intangible assets created by human intellect, including inventions, literary works, brand names, and software code...

N

Non-Disclosure Agreement

What is Non-Disclosure Agreement? A Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA) is a juridical arrangement of a contract that is adopted to defend confidential information exchanged among the parties. It prevents the leaking of...

P

Patent

What is Patent? Patent refers to a legal right that is awarded to an inventor, which gives exclusive authority on the application, production, and sale of an invention. The idea behind filing a patent is to secure...
Piracy

What is Piracy? Piracy is defined as an illegal duplication, distribution or utilization of copyrighted work. It usually targets the digital media like software, films, music, books, and online...
Plagiarism

What is Plagiarism? Plagiarism entails using the work, ideas, or expressions of another individual as one's own work without attributing it. It may be both intentional and unintentional and may take place in both...
Plagiarism Checker

What is Plagiarism Checker? Plagiarism checker refers to a computerized program that is implemented in detecting plagiarism by inserting text and matching it with already existing text. It is applied to identify...
Phishing

What is Phishing? Phishing is a social-engineering attack in which criminals send fraudulent communications designed to look like they come from a trusted source...

R

Reputation Management

What is Reputation Management? Reputation management is the art of keeping track of the way an individual or a business is viewed on the web. It consists of controlling the reviews, mentions on social media, search...
Retraction Request

What is a Retraction Request? A retraction request is a formal application to reverse a previously issued takedown or to restore content that was removed in error...

S

Software Piracy

What is Software Piracy? Software piracy is the illegal copying, distribution, installation, or use of software without an authentic license from the copyright holder. It includes activities such as using cracked or...
Sentiment Analysis

What is Sentiment Analysis? Sentiment analysis uses natural-language processing to classify mentions of a brand, product, or person as positive, negative, or neutral over time...

T

Trademark

What is Trademark? A trademark refers to a legally registered symbol, a word, phrase, logo, or design that designates and distinguishes the goods or services of a brand. This aids the customer in identifying the...
Trademark Infringement

What is Trademark Infringement? Trademark infringement means when someone uses another brand's name, logo, or symbol, or anything that represents the brand, without permission, in such a way...
Typosquatting

What is Typosquatting? Typosquatting is a domain-name registration strategy, whereby a well-known site or mark name is purposefully misspelt or otherwise altered with small errors. These areas are commonly used...
Threat Intelligence

What is Threat Intelligence? Threat intelligence is contextualised, evidence-based information about existing or emerging threats — tools, techniques, indicators of compromise, and motivations...
Trade Secret

What is a Trade Secret? A trade secret is confidential business information — a formula, process, design, customer list, or source code — that derives commercial value from being kept secret...

F

Fake App

What is a Fake App? A fake app is a fraudulent mobile application that mimics a legitimate brand's official app to steal credentials, distribute malware, or bypass paid features...
Fake Social Profile

What is a Fake Social Profile? A fake social profile is an account that impersonates an individual, executive, or brand on a social network to deceive followers or run scams...

L

Local Enforcement

What is Local Enforcement? Local enforcement refers to on-ground action against infringers — raids on warehouses, manufacturing units, and distribution points...

O

OSINT (Open-Source Intelligence)

What is OSINT? OSINT, or Open-Source Intelligence, is intelligence derived from publicly available information such as forums, paste sites, social media, and code commits...

W

Watermarking

What is Watermarking? Watermarking is the practice of embedding a visible or invisible identifier into digital media so ownership can be proven and unauthorized copies can be traced...